Content provided by Cancer Therapy & Research CenterAccurate assessment of the extent of disease, or Stage, at the time of diagnosis, is one determinant of prognosis or risk of future recurrence of the cancer, and also determines ideal initial treatment.
Thus, the Stage of breast cancer only applies to the extent of cancer at first diagnosis and the stage does not change over time.
Any recurrence of cancer after initial treatment is simply called recurrence or metastasis.
The Stage of breast cancer can be a clinical stage, (the extent of breast cancer as determined purely by examination of the patient at the bedside or with basic mammograms or scans), or pathological stage referring to the establishment of extent of the cancer after surgery as determined by microscopic examination of the tissue removed at surgery.
So, T1N0M0 denotes early stage cancer or Stage-I, whereas, a T1N1M1 cancer is a Stage-IV.